Design and Implementation of a Decentralized Traceability System for Digital Product Passports

Abstract

Traceability poses a significant challenge in modern supply chain systems. The Digital Product Passport (DPP) aims to enhance recyclability and sustainability practices by aggregating product information. How to design an e!ective DPP System, however, remains a significant challenge. In this paper, we propose a decentralized, customizable, and self-deployable DPP system utilizing smart contracts and a distributed file system. To achieve verifiable traceability of supply chain documents within a decentralized framework, we introduce a tokenization algorithm employing Fractional Non-Fungible Tokens (F-NFTs) for DPP assets and an event-driven system for their lifecycle management. Furthermore, we present an implementation of a DPP System and discuss key design decisions and considerations essential for developing such systems.